Arques,
eau, nature et technologies...
Its
history
The origin of the city
The origin of the creation of the city is unknown. Perhaps however, its name goes back to the Gallo-Roman period. At the time, it was called " Arkes ", which approach the Latin word " arces ", i.e. citadel. The Roman conquest carried out by César at the beginning of our era has as a consequence the pacification of the inhabitants of Morinie, area considered for its many marshes and its immense forests. Arkes, noted on plans of the 9th century is then crossed by a Roman way going from Thérouanne to the sea. Arch in the wet Middle Ages Ground and with strong declivity, Arkes becomes into 530 the property of the Mathilde countess, postpones small girl of Flandebert, heads of Morins and Ménapiens. Walbert, back grandson of Mathilde and count d' Arkes, draws up on the consultings of the abbots Omer and Bertin a church dedicated to Saint Martin and near his castle into 646. After an accident of horse where it misses losing the life, Walbert, cured thanks to a breuvage given by Bertin, gives the county of Arkes to this last and to its monks. It enters then to the monastery. The Odland abbot makes dig into 797 the higher arm of Aa, of Blendecques with Arques, in order to actuate a mill installed in front of the castle, then occupied regularly by the monks. Abbey of St Bertin, they then make reign the command on the various hamlets which gathers Arques.
The origin of the city
The origin of the creation of the city is unknown. Perhaps however, its name goes back to the Gallo-Roman period. At the time, it was called " Arkes ", which approach the Latin word " arces ", i.e. citadel. The Roman conquest carried out by César at the beginning of our era has as a consequence the pacification of the inhabitants of Morinie, area considered for its many marshes and its immense forests. Arkes, noted on plans of the 9th century is then crossed by a Roman way going from Thérouanne to the sea. Arch in the wet Middle Ages Ground and with strong declivity, Arkes becomes into 530 the property of the Mathilde countess, postpones small girl of Flandebert, heads of Morins and Ménapiens. Walbert, back grandson of Mathilde and count d' Arkes, draws up on the consultings of the abbots Omer and Bertin a church dedicated to Saint Martin and near his castle into 646. After an accident of horse where it misses losing the life, Walbert, cured thanks to a breuvage given by Bertin, gives the county of Arkes to this last and to its monks. It enters then to the monastery. The Odland abbot makes dig into 797 the higher arm of Aa, of Blendecques with Arques, in order to actuate a mill installed in front of the castle, then occupied regularly by the monks. Abbey of St Bertin, they then make reign the command on the various hamlets which gathers Arques.
After
the assassination of the Foulques abbot, the Counts de Flandres seize
St Bertin and its territory. Thus Beaudouin V makes build a ditch of the
Lily in the marshes of Saint-Omer to be used as defense against the French
between 1054 and 1092. The counts de Flandres, in a progressive way, give
again with the monks of St Bertin by a series of mites the territories
of Arch previously suitable. Arch, which is separate geographically of
the Flanders only by the hamlet of the strong red and the forest of Rihoult,
undergoes various battles between the Flemings and the French into 1303
and 1304. At the time of the 100 year old war, the city is plundered into
1340 by the army anglo-Flemish besieging Saint-Omer and controlled by
Robert d' Artois. English returns to put the city at bag into 1346, 1369
and 1435. The from an economic standpoint, in 1363, Saint-Omer and Arch
quarrel in connection with the manufacture of cloths. Saint-Omer is the
city indicated for the official production of this kind of articles. However,
in Arques, other clothiers are shown to make counterfeits in order to
harm to the craftsmen of Saint-Omer. In spite of strict regulations, distort
them productions continue. Certain craftsmen audomarois then come to break
the weaving looms arquois. Louis XI burns the city following the unfruitful
head office of Saint-Omer into 1477. In 1643, Spain which holds the Flanders
has also the towns of Surface, Saint-Omer and their neighbourhoods, forming
what one called " reserved Artois ". At the time of the treaty
of Nimègue, in 1678, the whole of Artois returns to France. The
channel of Neufossé is built on the decisions of Vauban, to connect
the Lily to Aa, in 1756. The name of Neufossé comes owing to the
fact that its layout partly uses the old ditch dug at the 11th century.
However, a brutal declivity of 13.13 prevents any navigation with the
place known as of the " Fontinettes ": this is why a series
of 7 locks on the level is built.
Arch
under the industrial revolution
The city gathers several disseminated hamlets. Its economic development is slow but certain. The presence of the channel supports trade more and more and Arch benefits from it. The two arms of Aa are used for the hydraulic energy production, for the manufacture of beer and juniper. The industrial revolution key Arch about the middle of the 19th century. Two spinning mills of flax and jute settle there, two distillings, several careers in various places are open to collect sand, gravel, flint... factories of tiles (Breakdowns) and bricks also settle, just as a glassmaking with bottles (Bar), a glassmaking-crystal manufacture (Avot / Durand) and a paper mill. The exploitation of the forest of Rihoult authorizes the presence of many loggers in the hamlets of High-Arch and Malhôve. In 1889, in front of the increase in the size of the barges and the importance of the traffic on the channel which obliges the introduction of fixed days for the rise and the descent of the locks, a ship lift functioning on the principle of a hydraulic balance is built. It represents still today a single, pilot monument of the industrial engineering of the end of the 19th century.
Arch in XXème
Située century halfway zone of the face and coasts where unload the combined soldiers, Arques is during the First World War a stage city but so strategic. More than 100.000 soldiers confine in the city which undergoes many bombardments between 1914 and 1918. After war, the economy is rectified and of new companies are established, like a laboratory of pharmaceutical products, a new paper mill... More than 5.000 inhabitants are listed. In 1936 and 1937, labour movements appear in the agitated context of the Popular Front. Imposing processions are organized in the streets and the mobile guards must intervene, as well with the bottle glassmaking as with glassmaking-crystal manufacture. During the second world war, a runway is created in High-Arch by the German army. Several bombardments take place. From the 3 to September 5, 1944, a Polish regiment releases the city. The post-war period sees developing in a considerable way the glassmaking-crystal manufacture which contributes to make known the city in the whole world. The other family companies like distillings, the breweries or the spinning mill périclitent and disappear during the Fifties.
The city gathers several disseminated hamlets. Its economic development is slow but certain. The presence of the channel supports trade more and more and Arch benefits from it. The two arms of Aa are used for the hydraulic energy production, for the manufacture of beer and juniper. The industrial revolution key Arch about the middle of the 19th century. Two spinning mills of flax and jute settle there, two distillings, several careers in various places are open to collect sand, gravel, flint... factories of tiles (Breakdowns) and bricks also settle, just as a glassmaking with bottles (Bar), a glassmaking-crystal manufacture (Avot / Durand) and a paper mill. The exploitation of the forest of Rihoult authorizes the presence of many loggers in the hamlets of High-Arch and Malhôve. In 1889, in front of the increase in the size of the barges and the importance of the traffic on the channel which obliges the introduction of fixed days for the rise and the descent of the locks, a ship lift functioning on the principle of a hydraulic balance is built. It represents still today a single, pilot monument of the industrial engineering of the end of the 19th century.
Arch in XXème
Située century halfway zone of the face and coasts where unload the combined soldiers, Arques is during the First World War a stage city but so strategic. More than 100.000 soldiers confine in the city which undergoes many bombardments between 1914 and 1918. After war, the economy is rectified and of new companies are established, like a laboratory of pharmaceutical products, a new paper mill... More than 5.000 inhabitants are listed. In 1936 and 1937, labour movements appear in the agitated context of the Popular Front. Imposing processions are organized in the streets and the mobile guards must intervene, as well with the bottle glassmaking as with glassmaking-crystal manufacture. During the second world war, a runway is created in High-Arch by the German army. Several bombardments take place. From the 3 to September 5, 1944, a Polish regiment releases the city. The post-war period sees developing in a considerable way the glassmaking-crystal manufacture which contributes to make known the city in the whole world. The other family companies like distillings, the breweries or the spinning mill périclitent and disappear during the Fifties.